Aluminum chloride hexahydrate
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate
Blog Article
Aluminum Chloride Hexahydrate: Properties, Uses, and Safety
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃·6H₂O) is the hydrated form of aluminum chloride, a widely used inorganic compound. This crystalline substance is known for its hygroscopic nature, strong Lewis acid properties, and utility in various chemical and industrial applications.
Chemical Profile
Chemical Formula: AlCl₃·6H₂O
Molecular Weight: 241.43 g/mol
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline solid
Solubility: Highly soluble in water and alcohol
Odor: Slightly acidic or chlorine-like
pH (aqueous solution): Strongly acidic
Key Properties
Hygroscopic: It readily absorbs moisture from the air and may liquefy on exposure.
Lewis Acid: Acts as a strong electron pair acceptor, making it a powerful catalyst in various organic reactions.
Corrosive: Can corrode metals and is irritant to skin and mucous membranes.
Common Uses
1. Water Treatment
Used in coagulation and flocculation processes to remove suspended particles, oils, and metals from wastewater.
2. Pharmaceuticals
Plays a role in the production of topical astringents and antiperspirants due to its ability to shrink tissues and reduce perspiration.
3. Organic Synthesis
Acts as a catalyst in Friedel–Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions, important in the manufacture of dyes, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals.
4. Paper Industry
Used as a sizing agent and to enhance paper strength and retention during manufacturing.
5. Textile Industry
Applied as a mordant in dyeing processes and for waterproofing fabrics.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, in tightly sealed containers. Protect from moisture and incompatible materials like strong bases and oxidizers.
Handling: Use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Work in a fume hood when handling in powder or concentrated form.
Safety and Hazards
Health Hazards:
Can cause severe irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.
Prolonged exposure may lead to lung damage or dermatitis.
Environmental Hazards: Avoid release into the environment; toxic to aquatic life in high concentrations.
First Aid Measures:
Skin Contact: Rinse with plenty of water and remove contaminated clothing.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air. If symptoms persist, seek medical help.
Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for complete handling and emergency procedures.
Conclusion
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate is a versatile and essential compound in multiple industries due to its chemical reactivity and solubility. While highly useful, it must be handled with care due to its corrosive nature and environmental impact. Understanding its properties, applications, and safety measures ensures responsible and effective use.
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